Month: October 2024

Anna Kendrick’s ‘Woman of the Hour’ gets a harrowing trailer

Netflix released its trailer for Anna Kendrick’s directorial debut, “Woman of the Hour,” and it’s harrowing. Watch.

Netflix released its trailer for Anna Kendrick’s directorial debut, “Woman of the Hour,” and it’s harrowing. Watch.

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Deepfake scams are now targeting more businesses than ever

Nearly half of businesses are now hit by deepfake audio and video scams, research revealed

Businesses are facing more AI-related fraud than ever, with deepfakes becoming a common risk for firms of all sizes, new research has claimed.

A survey by Refula has revealed a sharp increase in video deepfake fraud over the last two years – with nearly half (49%) of businesses encountering the hyper-realistic video and audio deceptions in 2024.

This rise has led to two-thirds (66%) of business leaders saying deepfakes pose a serious threat to their business, especially given the alarming sophistication and rapid developments of the technology.

An expensive problem

AI scams are most commonly used by criminals as a type of identity fraud, with fake or modified documents also on the rise, affecting 58% of businesses around the world. Many also report facing a mix of real and fictitious information in ‘synthetic scams’.

The survey revealed deepfake attacks are also becoming more common, with a 20% rise in video deepfakes over the last two years. There are regional differences too, with Mexico suffering the most from fake or altered IDs, with 70% of businesses reporting being targeted, compared to 43% in Singapore.

By impersonating CEOs and business leaders, cybercriminals have already managed to trick businesses around the world into giving away millions of dollars.

“The surge in deepfake incidents over the two-year period of our survey leaves businesses no choice but to adapt and rethink their current verification practices. Deepfakes are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and traditional methods are no longer enough,” Ihar Kliashchou, Chief Technology Officer at Regula said.

Mitigating the risks of deepfakes is tricky. Since the technology is relatively new but developing fast, there’s no guaranteed way to stay safe. Ultimately, investing in cybersecurity and ensuring a robust verification process is the best protection for businesses.

More from TechRadar Pro

Take a look at some of the best antivirus softwareThe role of deepfakes in the year of democracy, disinformation, and distrust Check out our pick for best internet security suites

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Adobe Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements updated with new AI features

Adobe’s updated consumer-focused Elements apps are here. Photoshop Elements 2025 adds new Magic Eraser-style object removal, depth of field adjustments and more. Meanwhile, Premiere Elements 2025 for video creators introduces dynamic titles, color correction tools and a simplified timeline.
The Elements apps, which Adobe debuted 23 years ago, take select features from the high-end professional suites and trickle them down to casual users. They’re like pared-down and easier-to-use versions of Photoshop and Premiere Pro for people who don’t want to learn pro graphic design or video-editing skills. The company also sells them as $100 each one-time purchases, rather than requiring a subscription. (You can also bundle both for $150.) With today’s AI features, the consumer-friendly apps let you do more than ever without much technical know-how.
Photoshop Elements 2025 adds an AI-powered Remove feature similar to the version in the pro Photoshop (along with Google’s Magic Eraser and Apple’s Clean-Up tool). Like those competing versions, Adobe’s tool lets you brush an object, person or animal, and it removes it, filling in a replacement background.
Elements 2025 also adds a faux portrait mode feature (Depth Blur) for any image. Select a focal point, and Adobe’s AI will add blur to create a sense of depth to simulate a wide-aperture lens. From there, you can tweak the blur strength, focal distance and focal range.

Adobe

A new color correction feature lets you select an area of a photo, pick a new color from a pop-up dial and slide it over until it looks how you want it. Photoshop Elements also has a photo-combining tool that lets you blend a subject from one image and a background from another — creating something new. The app also adds an AI motion effect feature that simulates movement blur for the subject.
Premiere Elements, Adobe’s consumer-level video app, incorporates new AI features, too. A new white balance tool and footage color LUTs (lookup tables) give you user-friendly color curves and presets — making it easier to tweak the overall mood.

Adobe

The video app also adds a simpler timeline. “See video tracks grouped together and audio tracks grouped together for easier navigation, find the editing options you use most in the new Quick Tools menu, lock individual tracks to prevent accidental changes, and more,” Adobe wrote in its press release. In addition, Premiere Elements adds dynamic titles with more text controls, and you can use Adobe Stock title templates without paying extra.
Both Elements apps fully support Apple’s M3 chip “for faster performance on Mac computers.” (Here are the full Windows and macOS system requirements for Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements.) The pair of apps will also have scaled-down web and mobile app counterparts for editing on the go.
Adobe’s MAX conference starts on October 14. That’s where the pro editor community can learn more about the new AI (and other) features coming to the company’s high-end subscription-based desktop apps.

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/computing/adobe-photoshop-elements-and-premiere-elements-updated-with-new-ai-features-130029684.html?src=rss

Adobe’s updated consumer-focused Elements apps are here. Photoshop Elements 2025 adds new Magic Eraser-style object removal, depth of field adjustments and more. Meanwhile, Premiere Elements 2025 for video creators introduces dynamic titles, color correction tools and a simplified timeline.

The Elements apps, which Adobe debuted 23 years ago, take select features from the high-end professional suites and trickle them down to casual users. They’re like pared-down and easier-to-use versions of Photoshop and Premiere Pro for people who don’t want to learn pro graphic design or video-editing skills. The company also sells them as $100 each one-time purchases, rather than requiring a subscription. (You can also bundle both for $150.) With today’s AI features, the consumer-friendly apps let you do more than ever without much technical know-how.

Photoshop Elements 2025 adds an AI-powered Remove feature similar to the version in the pro Photoshop (along with Google’s Magic Eraser and Apple’s Clean-Up tool). Like those competing versions, Adobe’s tool lets you brush an object, person or animal, and it removes it, filling in a replacement background.

Elements 2025 also adds a faux portrait mode feature (Depth Blur) for any image. Select a focal point, and Adobe’s AI will add blur to create a sense of depth to simulate a wide-aperture lens. From there, you can tweak the blur strength, focal distance and focal range.

Adobe

A new color correction feature lets you select an area of a photo, pick a new color from a pop-up dial and slide it over until it looks how you want it. Photoshop Elements also has a photo-combining tool that lets you blend a subject from one image and a background from another — creating something new. The app also adds an AI motion effect feature that simulates movement blur for the subject.

Premiere Elements, Adobe’s consumer-level video app, incorporates new AI features, too. A new white balance tool and footage color LUTs (lookup tables) give you user-friendly color curves and presets — making it easier to tweak the overall mood.

Adobe

The video app also adds a simpler timeline. “See video tracks grouped together and audio tracks grouped together for easier navigation, find the editing options you use most in the new Quick Tools menu, lock individual tracks to prevent accidental changes, and more,” Adobe wrote in its press release. In addition, Premiere Elements adds dynamic titles with more text controls, and you can use Adobe Stock title templates without paying extra.

Both Elements apps fully support Apple’s M3 chip “for faster performance on Mac computers.” (Here are the full Windows and macOS system requirements for Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements.) The pair of apps will also have scaled-down web and mobile app counterparts for editing on the go.

Adobe’s MAX conference starts on October 14. That’s where the pro editor community can learn more about the new AI (and other) features coming to the company’s high-end subscription-based desktop apps.

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/computing/adobe-photoshop-elements-and-premiere-elements-updated-with-new-ai-features-130029684.html?src=rss

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I Went Hands-On With New Samsung and Lenovo Chromebooks. They Look Great and So Do ChromeOS’ New AI-Powered Tools

The Samsung Galaxy Chromebook Plus is the thinnest, lightest ever and the Lenovo Duet Chromebook is an excellent update to one of the best-selling models of all time.

The Samsung Galaxy Chromebook Plus is the thinnest, lightest ever and the Lenovo Duet Chromebook is an excellent update to one of the best-selling models of all time.

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Samsung’s latest premium Chromebook combines a big screen with a thin and light body

It’s been about a year since Google first announced its Chromebook Plus initiative, a higher spec of hardware that also comes with software features you won’t find on more basic Chromebooks. Google’s getting into a pretty consistent every-six-month cadence with these updates, so today we’re hearing more about some new hardware as well as some AI-powered features coming to various Chromebooks. 
New Chromebook Hardware
Probably the most interesting update we’re hearing about today is new hardware from Samsung: the Galaxy Chromebook Plus. I’ve liked some of Samsung’s attempts at making high-end Chromebooks in the past, so I’m curious to see how this one performs. Google says its the thinnest and lightest Chromebook Plus, at 2.58 pounds and less than a half-inch thick. Despite that small size, it includes a 15.6-inch OLED screen, making it sound like this laptop will be similar to the 15-inch MacBook Air in feel. 
Samsung
From a specs perspective it has an Intel Core 3 100U, 256GB of storage and 8GB of RAM, specs that should be more than enough for a good Chrome OS experience. Samsung claims 13-hour battery life, something I’d like to believe but don’t yet. Too many Chromebooks tout long battery life and completely miss the mark, so I’m looking forward to seeing if any notable improvements have been made here. 
Google
This is also the first Chromebook with a new key called the “Quick Insert” key. It replaces the existing Launcher key (where you’ll find Caps Lock on most laptops), and it brings up a glorified right-click menu that does feel potentially more modern and useful. You’ll find options for Gemini-powered “help me write,” emoji and GIF search, a list of recently-opened websites, a Google Drive search field and a few other tools. Samsung’s Galaxy Chromebook Plus is the first laptop with this key, but older Chromebooks can also pull up the menu with a keyboard shortcut (launcher key + F). 
Unfortunately, we don’t have a price yet for the Galaxy Chromebook Plus, but it should be out this month.
Lenovo also has a new device, the Chromebook Duet 11″. As the name suggests, it’s a small convertible device, an update to one Lenovo originally released back in 2020. It keeps the same small form factor and detachable keyboard but has a newer MediaTek Kompanio 838 processor along with up to 8GB of RAM and 128GB of storage. I’d recommend making sure you get that 8GB / 128GB combo, as anything less won’t cut it in 2024. Lenovo also has seemingly slimmed down the bezels quite a bit compared to the original model, which should make the already-small package feel even more compact. 
Lenovo
You can also get a stylus and use it with a free three-month Goodnotes subscription. Google says that Goodnotes has been optimized for Chrome OS, so it should provide a smoother experience now. That said, most Chromebook stylus apps haven’t been terribly great, so this is another case when we’ll want to try it out to see how it works. Lenovo says that the option with 4GB of RAM and 64GB of storage will cost $340, while the 8GB / 128GB model costs $390. Both come with the keyboard and stylus.
Google
AI perks and other software updates
At each of the last two Chromebook showcases Google has held, the company has teased new software features that would come in the future. And just as it did in May, Google is making good on some things it talked about in the past. 
Probably the biggest is the Gemini-powered “help me read” feature which can, in Google’s words, “summarize PDFs, articles or websites, all with a right click.” It’s something Google has talked about for a bit, and this first implementation of the feature is definitely not its final form — Google says that an update next year will let you highlight specific paragraphs and sentences you want more detail on.
Google
Other new features include Live Translate, which uses AI to automatically generate captions for whatever is on your computer, including video calls, movie files or a live YouTube stream. Similarly, the Recorder app can automatically create transcripts from what it records, complete with different speaker IDs and a summary. Live Translate is already available on Pixel phones, and the Recorder app is also on Android phones so it’s not a big surprise to find them here. 
Finally, Google is making audio and video quality on calls better. The “studio-style mic” feature uses AI to reduce noise and reverberation, and your video output can be automatically adjusted for better lighting. These features will work across any video call platform you can use on a Chromebook.
Google
The above features are exclusive to Chromebook Plus models, but Google has a handful of updates coming to all Chrome OS updates. For starters, all new Chromebook purchases come with three months of the Google One AI Premium plan, which includes Gemini Advanced, 2TB of storage and Gemini in Docs, Sheets, Slides and Gmail. (Chromebook Plus buyers still get it for a whole year, as announced in May.) Given that that’s a $20/month plan, it’s a solid perk. 
Related, Google is making it easier for Chromebook users to use Gemini by including a shortcut to Gemini chat right in the Chrome OS taskbar. Hey, if you want people to try new features, you might as well put them directly in your face, right?
Two other features Google is introducing were first teased back in May. One is a focus timer, which implores you to pick an urgent task, a playlist and a timer. You’ll then go into do not disturb mode while you work on what you’re trying to get done. There’s also a “Welcome Back” feature that pops up when you log in to your laptop. It pulls together apps and pages it thinks go together so you can resume what you were working on previously. 
Like the hardware announced today, there’s no specifics on when exactly this will all start rolling out, but you can expect to see it this month. 
This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/computing/laptops/samsungs-latest-premium-chromebook-combines-a-big-screen-with-a-thin-and-light-body-130012477.html?src=rss

It’s been about a year since Google first announced its Chromebook Plus initiative, a higher spec of hardware that also comes with software features you won’t find on more basic Chromebooks. Google’s getting into a pretty consistent every-six-month cadence with these updates, so today we’re hearing more about some new hardware as well as some AI-powered features coming to various Chromebooks. 

New Chromebook Hardware

Probably the most interesting update we’re hearing about today is new hardware from Samsung: the Galaxy Chromebook Plus. I’ve liked some of Samsung’s attempts at making high-end Chromebooks in the past, so I’m curious to see how this one performs. Google says its the thinnest and lightest Chromebook Plus, at 2.58 pounds and less than a half-inch thick. Despite that small size, it includes a 15.6-inch OLED screen, making it sound like this laptop will be similar to the 15-inch MacBook Air in feel. 

Samsung

From a specs perspective it has an Intel Core 3 100U, 256GB of storage and 8GB of RAM, specs that should be more than enough for a good Chrome OS experience. Samsung claims 13-hour battery life, something I’d like to believe but don’t yet. Too many Chromebooks tout long battery life and completely miss the mark, so I’m looking forward to seeing if any notable improvements have been made here. 

Google

This is also the first Chromebook with a new key called the “Quick Insert” key. It replaces the existing Launcher key (where you’ll find Caps Lock on most laptops), and it brings up a glorified right-click menu that does feel potentially more modern and useful. You’ll find options for Gemini-powered “help me write,” emoji and GIF search, a list of recently-opened websites, a Google Drive search field and a few other tools. Samsung’s Galaxy Chromebook Plus is the first laptop with this key, but older Chromebooks can also pull up the menu with a keyboard shortcut (launcher key + F). 

Unfortunately, we don’t have a price yet for the Galaxy Chromebook Plus, but it should be out this month.

Lenovo also has a new device, the Chromebook Duet 11″. As the name suggests, it’s a small convertible device, an update to one Lenovo originally released back in 2020. It keeps the same small form factor and detachable keyboard but has a newer MediaTek Kompanio 838 processor along with up to 8GB of RAM and 128GB of storage. I’d recommend making sure you get that 8GB / 128GB combo, as anything less won’t cut it in 2024. Lenovo also has seemingly slimmed down the bezels quite a bit compared to the original model, which should make the already-small package feel even more compact. 

Lenovo

You can also get a stylus and use it with a free three-month Goodnotes subscription. Google says that Goodnotes has been optimized for Chrome OS, so it should provide a smoother experience now. That said, most Chromebook stylus apps haven’t been terribly great, so this is another case when we’ll want to try it out to see how it works. Lenovo says that the option with 4GB of RAM and 64GB of storage will cost $340, while the 8GB / 128GB model costs $390. Both come with the keyboard and stylus.

Google

AI perks and other software updates

At each of the last two Chromebook showcases Google has held, the company has teased new software features that would come in the future. And just as it did in May, Google is making good on some things it talked about in the past. 

Probably the biggest is the Gemini-powered “help me read” feature which can, in Google’s words, “summarize PDFs, articles or websites, all with a right click.” It’s something Google has talked about for a bit, and this first implementation of the feature is definitely not its final form — Google says that an update next year will let you highlight specific paragraphs and sentences you want more detail on.

Google

Other new features include Live Translate, which uses AI to automatically generate captions for whatever is on your computer, including video calls, movie files or a live YouTube stream. Similarly, the Recorder app can automatically create transcripts from what it records, complete with different speaker IDs and a summary. Live Translate is already available on Pixel phones, and the Recorder app is also on Android phones so it’s not a big surprise to find them here. 

Finally, Google is making audio and video quality on calls better. The “studio-style mic” feature uses AI to reduce noise and reverberation, and your video output can be automatically adjusted for better lighting. These features will work across any video call platform you can use on a Chromebook.

Google

The above features are exclusive to Chromebook Plus models, but Google has a handful of updates coming to all Chrome OS updates. For starters, all new Chromebook purchases come with three months of the Google One AI Premium plan, which includes Gemini Advanced, 2TB of storage and Gemini in Docs, Sheets, Slides and Gmail. (Chromebook Plus buyers still get it for a whole year, as announced in May.) Given that that’s a $20/month plan, it’s a solid perk. 

Related, Google is making it easier for Chromebook users to use Gemini by including a shortcut to Gemini chat right in the Chrome OS taskbar. Hey, if you want people to try new features, you might as well put them directly in your face, right?

Two other features Google is introducing were first teased back in May. One is a focus timer, which implores you to pick an urgent task, a playlist and a timer. You’ll then go into do not disturb mode while you work on what you’re trying to get done. There’s also a “Welcome Back” feature that pops up when you log in to your laptop. It pulls together apps and pages it thinks go together so you can resume what you were working on previously. 

Like the hardware announced today, there’s no specifics on when exactly this will all start rolling out, but you can expect to see it this month. 

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/computing/laptops/samsungs-latest-premium-chromebook-combines-a-big-screen-with-a-thin-and-light-body-130012477.html?src=rss

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Samsung’s New Galaxy Chromebook Plus Has a First-of-Its-Kind Keyboard and Lenovo Revives Chromebook Duet video

Along with the new Chromebooks, ChromeOS gets some useful new tools for translation and transcription.

Along with the new Chromebooks, ChromeOS gets some useful new tools for translation and transcription.

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Nicole Kidman plays a dangerous, seductive game in ‘Babygirl’ trailer

“Bodies Bodies Bodies” director Halina Reijn’s A24 erotic thriller “Babygirl” sees Nicole Kidman in the lead. Watch the trailer.

“Bodies Bodies Bodies” director Halina Reijn’s A24 erotic thriller “Babygirl” sees Nicole Kidman in the lead. Watch the trailer.

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Samsung is partnering with Ashley Furniture to sell you on the smart home

Samsung is selling the benefits of the smart home with a store-within-a-store concept at Ashley Furniture. | Image: Samsung

Explaining the benefits of the smart home isn’t always easy — it’s more of an “if you know, you know” deal. But that “aha” moment — when someone finally gets what’s so great about home automation — often comes when they see it in action. At least, that’s the theory Samsung is testing with its new partnership with Ashley Furniture.
The electronics giant has teamed up with North America’s No. 1 furniture retailer to debut a new in-store experience that pairs furniture with smart connected devices controlled by Samsung’s SmartThings, the company’s smart home platform.
According to a press release from Samsung, The Connected Home Experience powered by SmartThings is launching at Ashley Furniture’s flagship store in Brentwood, Tennessee, this week. It aims to show how furniture and smart tech can work together to create a more comfortable, convenient, and fun home.

The showroom will have several vignettes set up that shoppers can interact with using a Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 FE Plus running the SmartThings app. This will let them control the devices, including smart lights, plugs, shades, and more to see how a Movie Night or Game Day scene might work in the den or living room or how morning and evening routines can spruce up a bedroom.
It makes a lot of sense to demonstrate how smart home tech works in its natural environment. Ikea is one of the few stores that has attempted to do this, occasionally highlighting smart features in its stores’ similar vignettes of rooms in your home. But its stores show only Ikea products.

The Ashley Furniture showroom will feature over 200 products from dozens of different brands, all of which are compatible with Samsung’s SmartThings smart home platform. These include Philips Hue lighting, Nanoleaf lighting, Eve roller shades, Kasa smart home products, and Aqara curtain drivers.
The showroom also features Samsung gear, including Samsung TVs, the Frame TV that looks like a piece of art, and the Music Frame, all of which now include built-in SmartThings hubs for connecting devices and making it possible to set up automations, scenes, and routines.
The TVs are also Matter controllers, allowing you to connect any Matter-compatible device to your smart home, not just the ones shown in the store. Matter is a new standard promoting interoperability in the smart home.

Screenshot from Samsung.com

The new interactive experience at Samsung.com tries to show how smart devices can fit in your home to help with things like wellness, cooking, energy management, and family and pet care.

The Connected Home Experience is only in the Brentwood store for now, but Samsung has launched a “new immersive connected home shopping experience” on Samsung.com. There, a SmartThings Interactive Home shows different rooms in a home and demonstrates how devices can interact to help people understand the benefits of connected devices.

Samsung is selling the benefits of the smart home with a store-within-a-store concept at Ashley Furniture. | Image: Samsung

Explaining the benefits of the smart home isn’t always easy — it’s more of an “if you know, you know” deal. But that “aha” moment — when someone finally gets what’s so great about home automation — often comes when they see it in action. At least, that’s the theory Samsung is testing with its new partnership with Ashley Furniture.

The electronics giant has teamed up with North America’s No. 1 furniture retailer to debut a new in-store experience that pairs furniture with smart connected devices controlled by Samsung’s SmartThings, the company’s smart home platform.

According to a press release from Samsung, The Connected Home Experience powered by SmartThings is launching at Ashley Furniture’s flagship store in Brentwood, Tennessee, this week. It aims to show how furniture and smart tech can work together to create a more comfortable, convenient, and fun home.

The showroom will have several vignettes set up that shoppers can interact with using a Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 FE Plus running the SmartThings app. This will let them control the devices, including smart lights, plugs, shades, and more to see how a Movie Night or Game Day scene might work in the den or living room or how morning and evening routines can spruce up a bedroom.

It makes a lot of sense to demonstrate how smart home tech works in its natural environment. Ikea is one of the few stores that has attempted to do this, occasionally highlighting smart features in its stores’ similar vignettes of rooms in your home. But its stores show only Ikea products.

The Ashley Furniture showroom will feature over 200 products from dozens of different brands, all of which are compatible with Samsung’s SmartThings smart home platform. These include Philips Hue lighting, Nanoleaf lighting, Eve roller shades, Kasa smart home products, and Aqara curtain drivers.

The showroom also features Samsung gear, including Samsung TVs, the Frame TV that looks like a piece of art, and the Music Frame, all of which now include built-in SmartThings hubs for connecting devices and making it possible to set up automations, scenes, and routines.

The TVs are also Matter controllers, allowing you to connect any Matter-compatible device to your smart home, not just the ones shown in the store. Matter is a new standard promoting interoperability in the smart home.

Screenshot from Samsung.com

The new interactive experience at Samsung.com tries to show how smart devices can fit in your home to help with things like wellness, cooking, energy management, and family and pet care.

The Connected Home Experience is only in the Brentwood store for now, but Samsung has launched a “new immersive connected home shopping experience” on Samsung.com. There, a SmartThings Interactive Home shows different rooms in a home and demonstrates how devices can interact to help people understand the benefits of connected devices.

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How Google tried to unravel the DOJ’s ad tech case

Image: Cath Virginia / The Verge, Getty Images

To wrap up its case, Google tried to fit it into a Supreme Court precedent that could undermine the government’s argument. The Department of Justice just wrapped up three weeks of trial where it argued whether Google has created illegal monopolies in the ad tech market. During much of it, Google kept asking a more fundamental question: what is that market?
The company has a variety of defenses to the DOJ’s accusations, ranging from Supreme Court precedent to security concerns. One of its biggest, however, is that the agency simply doesn’t understand online advertising. Google alleges that it’s slicing up the market in a way that doesn’t make sense and that it downplays or ignores Google’s biggest advertising competition: social media.
Three markets or one?
Over the past weeks, the DOJ has painted a very specific picture of how online advertising works. It’s concerned with what it calls open web display ads, better known as the ad boxes and banners you’ll see on countless websites (including this one). It identifies a “trifecta of monopolies” here: publisher ad servers for selling space on websites, advertiser ad networks where marketers buy impressions, and exchanges that run superfast auctions to place ads on sites.
This definition of markets matters for a couple of reasons. The first is that, when defined in this way, Google utterly dominates: the DOJ estimates Google’s publisher ad server, known in this case as DoubleClick For Publishers (DFP), has about 90 percent market share in the US. The second is that, according to the DOJ, Google owes at least some of that dominance to tying its products together. Witnesses testified over and over that publishers simply had to be on DFP because it was the only way to fully access the large base of advertisers in Google’s ad network through Google’s AdX exchange. If we’re talking about three different markets, that might be Google leveraging its power in one market to knock out competition in another — a classic monopolist play.
Google says that’s unnecessarily complex. During its defense, it told the court we’re really looking at one market with stakeholders on both sides: buyers and sellers of digital advertising. From that perspective, Google is just building the best single-market tool that it can, connecting different parts to make it more effective.
The company’s expert witness, economist Mark Israel, argued the DOJ’s definition “misses the forest for the trees.” The digital ad industry is just “a business about matches,” and rather than posing a monopoly problem, Google’s integrated ad tech stack benefits its customers. An all-in-one tool can be cheaper than mixing and matching several different products, Israel said, because you don’t have several companies each taking a separate commission.
Google is trying to fit its case into the Supreme Court precedent known as Ohio v. American Express. That case was about a two-sided market in the credit card industry — with cardholders on one side and merchants on the other. In a 2018 decision, the court ruled that in this kind of market, plaintiffs need to show the anticompetitive harm spans both sides.
If Google can prove that there’s just one two-sided market rather than three distinct ones, it makes the government’s case more difficult
If Google can prove that there’s just one two-sided market rather than three distinct ones, it makes the government’s case more difficult. The DOJ would have to demonstrate that Google’s actions harmed both publishers and advertisers. That’s a tricky proposition because a choice that drives down the price of publishers’ ad space could save advertisers money, and a choice that drives up costs for advertisers could be a windfall for publishers. The mere fact that Google benefits, too, doesn’t make it unlawful.
What is an online ad?
The number of markets isn’t Google’s only objection. The DOJ says open web display ads are a distinct segment of advertising with no adequate substitutes. If you don’t like Google’s product, you can’t get comparable results by simply buying ads somewhere else, like social media or video streaming services, because these ads often serve different marketing purposes and require different design formats.
Google says advertisers simply care about getting a return on their investment. If they’re spending more money than they’re making from an open web display ad, they can — and frequently do — move their budget to another venue like social media, streaming services, and mobile apps.
The DOJ wants to limit the market definition just to the open web: places where ads can be bought and sold with third-party tools, unlike a “walled garden” like Facebook that has its own ecosystem for buying ads on its site. Google wants that list to include a much larger pool of things we consume digitally, no matter the scope of the ad-buying tools.
Internal Google documents showed it carefully watched competitors the government has defined to be outside the relevant market, including social media platforms like TikTok and Facebook and retailers like Amazon, which it called an “existential threat.” Since Google saw it that way, Israel said, it did have a check on its power that would keep it from acting anticompetitively.
Internal Google documents showed it carefully watched competitors the government has defined to be outside the relevant market
And even though so many publishers use DFP, he said, large tech companies like Amazon and Reddit have switched away from it to their own in-house ad servers. The threat that even a few large customers could switch could be enough to constrain Google’s power, preventing it from jacking up prices.
Google also argues the DOJ is ignoring a key part of its empire: its demand-side platform DV360. Where advertiser ad networks like Google Ads cater to smaller customers, demand-side platforms (DSPs) are used by bigger companies that want more customization. The DOJ has largely treated these as separate markets, claiming Google has a monopoly in advertiser ad networks but not in DSPs.
But Google has presented witnesses and documents indicating that many large advertisers use both. In doing so, it’s apparently chipping away at the claim that Google monopolizes a discrete, definable corner of online advertising. If advertisers see the tools as part of the same product, and the DOJ concedes Google faces real competition in part of that product, can the whole package be a monopoly?
Dishwashers and Costco rotisserie chickens
On cross-examination, DOJ counsel Aaron Teitelbaum chipped away at Israel’s credibility, painting him as a career trial witness — and a questionable one, at that. Israel conceded that about 80 percent of his work is being an expert witness, and he’s testified more than 40 times as such, though he’s never held a tenured academic position. In an exercise that resembled reading out mean tweets, Teitelbaum read out critical comments by judges in other cases, including one that he presented as showing Israel misunderstood core parts of antitrust law.
Teitelbaum argued against a claim that Google faces competition because companies are spending increasingly less on display ads relative to social media. He used the metaphor of a family that spends money on both smartphones and dishwashers. As smartphones become more ubiquitous, the family might spend a greater percentage of their budget on them, while the share of budget spent on dishwashers would decline in comparison — but that doesn’t mean dishwashers are a substitute for smartphones. (We don’t know if that metaphor will win Judge Leonie Brinkema over, but she did call Teitlebaum’s metaphors a “pleasant change” from weeks of advertising jargon.)
Teitelbaum also pointed out that no matter how many companies are able to switch some of their ad spending to social platforms, publishers like The New York Times will still have display ad inventory they need to sell.
Leaning on metaphor again, Teitelbaum compared Google’s strategizing to Costco’s infamously cheap rotisserie chickens. Google and Costco, he argued, are both willing to lose money in one area to make more somewhere else. Israel conceded he hasn’t ruled out the chance Google achieves value from its vast data and scale, even if offering low prices is what gets customers in the door.
Teitelbaum compared Google’s strategizing to Costco’s infamously cheap rotisserie chickens
And to address the argument that companies can simply shift money around, the DOJ brought back a single witness: DailyMail.com chief digital officer Matthew Wheatland. Wheatland shot down a suggestion by Israel that publishers could avoid Google by directing users to apps and selling ads inside that. It’s “hugely difficult to convert a web user to be a loyal app user,” Wheatland said — in fact, only 2 percent of the Daily Mail’s readership accesses it through the app. As for a suggestion that publishers simply negotiate direct deals with advertisers, Wheatland said they’re already doing this as much as possible, and it’s a costly endeavor that requires teams of salespeople and support staff.
Judge Brinkema, who ushered along the highly technical trial much quicker than the original six-week timeline, hasn’t done much to tip her hand about who might win. Brinkema has remained attentive, but she’s asked only occasional questions to inform her understanding of the case. On the trial’s final day, however, she gave one small glimpse into her thinking.
Before the government started its rebuttal, Google objected to the DOJ’s framing of a separate lawsuit where it claimed Google used a different market definition, contradicting its position here. Brinkema said that “market definition is core to this case,” and it’s “somewhat of a problem for Google to take one position in one court and somewhat of a different position in another court.” But, she said, she’d look at the “entire mix” of evidence in reaching her decision. When the parties return to court for closing arguments on November 25th, she’ll have one more chance to ask the attorneys what the boundaries of that market should look like.

Image: Cath Virginia / The Verge, Getty Images

To wrap up its case, Google tried to fit it into a Supreme Court precedent that could undermine the government’s argument.

The Department of Justice just wrapped up three weeks of trial where it argued whether Google has created illegal monopolies in the ad tech market. During much of it, Google kept asking a more fundamental question: what is that market?

The company has a variety of defenses to the DOJ’s accusations, ranging from Supreme Court precedent to security concerns. One of its biggest, however, is that the agency simply doesn’t understand online advertising. Google alleges that it’s slicing up the market in a way that doesn’t make sense and that it downplays or ignores Google’s biggest advertising competition: social media.

Three markets or one?

Over the past weeks, the DOJ has painted a very specific picture of how online advertising works. It’s concerned with what it calls open web display ads, better known as the ad boxes and banners you’ll see on countless websites (including this one). It identifies a “trifecta of monopolies” here: publisher ad servers for selling space on websites, advertiser ad networks where marketers buy impressions, and exchanges that run superfast auctions to place ads on sites.

This definition of markets matters for a couple of reasons. The first is that, when defined in this way, Google utterly dominates: the DOJ estimates Google’s publisher ad server, known in this case as DoubleClick For Publishers (DFP), has about 90 percent market share in the US. The second is that, according to the DOJ, Google owes at least some of that dominance to tying its products together. Witnesses testified over and over that publishers simply had to be on DFP because it was the only way to fully access the large base of advertisers in Google’s ad network through Google’s AdX exchange. If we’re talking about three different markets, that might be Google leveraging its power in one market to knock out competition in another — a classic monopolist play.

Google says that’s unnecessarily complex. During its defense, it told the court we’re really looking at one market with stakeholders on both sides: buyers and sellers of digital advertising. From that perspective, Google is just building the best single-market tool that it can, connecting different parts to make it more effective.

The company’s expert witness, economist Mark Israel, argued the DOJ’s definition “misses the forest for the trees.” The digital ad industry is just “a business about matches,” and rather than posing a monopoly problem, Google’s integrated ad tech stack benefits its customers. An all-in-one tool can be cheaper than mixing and matching several different products, Israel said, because you don’t have several companies each taking a separate commission.

Google is trying to fit its case into the Supreme Court precedent known as Ohio v. American Express. That case was about a two-sided market in the credit card industry — with cardholders on one side and merchants on the other. In a 2018 decision, the court ruled that in this kind of market, plaintiffs need to show the anticompetitive harm spans both sides.

If Google can prove that there’s just one two-sided market rather than three distinct ones, it makes the government’s case more difficult

If Google can prove that there’s just one two-sided market rather than three distinct ones, it makes the government’s case more difficult. The DOJ would have to demonstrate that Google’s actions harmed both publishers and advertisers. That’s a tricky proposition because a choice that drives down the price of publishers’ ad space could save advertisers money, and a choice that drives up costs for advertisers could be a windfall for publishers. The mere fact that Google benefits, too, doesn’t make it unlawful.

What is an online ad?

The number of markets isn’t Google’s only objection. The DOJ says open web display ads are a distinct segment of advertising with no adequate substitutes. If you don’t like Google’s product, you can’t get comparable results by simply buying ads somewhere else, like social media or video streaming services, because these ads often serve different marketing purposes and require different design formats.

Google says advertisers simply care about getting a return on their investment. If they’re spending more money than they’re making from an open web display ad, they can — and frequently do — move their budget to another venue like social media, streaming services, and mobile apps.

The DOJ wants to limit the market definition just to the open web: places where ads can be bought and sold with third-party tools, unlike a “walled garden” like Facebook that has its own ecosystem for buying ads on its site. Google wants that list to include a much larger pool of things we consume digitally, no matter the scope of the ad-buying tools.

Internal Google documents showed it carefully watched competitors the government has defined to be outside the relevant market, including social media platforms like TikTok and Facebook and retailers like Amazon, which it called an “existential threat.” Since Google saw it that way, Israel said, it did have a check on its power that would keep it from acting anticompetitively.

Internal Google documents showed it carefully watched competitors the government has defined to be outside the relevant market

And even though so many publishers use DFP, he said, large tech companies like Amazon and Reddit have switched away from it to their own in-house ad servers. The threat that even a few large customers could switch could be enough to constrain Google’s power, preventing it from jacking up prices.

Google also argues the DOJ is ignoring a key part of its empire: its demand-side platform DV360. Where advertiser ad networks like Google Ads cater to smaller customers, demand-side platforms (DSPs) are used by bigger companies that want more customization. The DOJ has largely treated these as separate markets, claiming Google has a monopoly in advertiser ad networks but not in DSPs.

But Google has presented witnesses and documents indicating that many large advertisers use both. In doing so, it’s apparently chipping away at the claim that Google monopolizes a discrete, definable corner of online advertising. If advertisers see the tools as part of the same product, and the DOJ concedes Google faces real competition in part of that product, can the whole package be a monopoly?

Dishwashers and Costco rotisserie chickens

On cross-examination, DOJ counsel Aaron Teitelbaum chipped away at Israel’s credibility, painting him as a career trial witness — and a questionable one, at that. Israel conceded that about 80 percent of his work is being an expert witness, and he’s testified more than 40 times as such, though he’s never held a tenured academic position. In an exercise that resembled reading out mean tweets, Teitelbaum read out critical comments by judges in other cases, including one that he presented as showing Israel misunderstood core parts of antitrust law.

Teitelbaum argued against a claim that Google faces competition because companies are spending increasingly less on display ads relative to social media. He used the metaphor of a family that spends money on both smartphones and dishwashers. As smartphones become more ubiquitous, the family might spend a greater percentage of their budget on them, while the share of budget spent on dishwashers would decline in comparison — but that doesn’t mean dishwashers are a substitute for smartphones. (We don’t know if that metaphor will win Judge Leonie Brinkema over, but she did call Teitlebaum’s metaphors a “pleasant change” from weeks of advertising jargon.)

Teitelbaum also pointed out that no matter how many companies are able to switch some of their ad spending to social platforms, publishers like The New York Times will still have display ad inventory they need to sell.

Leaning on metaphor again, Teitelbaum compared Google’s strategizing to Costco’s infamously cheap rotisserie chickens. Google and Costco, he argued, are both willing to lose money in one area to make more somewhere else. Israel conceded he hasn’t ruled out the chance Google achieves value from its vast data and scale, even if offering low prices is what gets customers in the door.

Teitelbaum compared Google’s strategizing to Costco’s infamously cheap rotisserie chickens

And to address the argument that companies can simply shift money around, the DOJ brought back a single witness: DailyMail.com chief digital officer Matthew Wheatland. Wheatland shot down a suggestion by Israel that publishers could avoid Google by directing users to apps and selling ads inside that. It’s “hugely difficult to convert a web user to be a loyal app user,” Wheatland said — in fact, only 2 percent of the Daily Mail’s readership accesses it through the app. As for a suggestion that publishers simply negotiate direct deals with advertisers, Wheatland said they’re already doing this as much as possible, and it’s a costly endeavor that requires teams of salespeople and support staff.

Judge Brinkema, who ushered along the highly technical trial much quicker than the original six-week timeline, hasn’t done much to tip her hand about who might win. Brinkema has remained attentive, but she’s asked only occasional questions to inform her understanding of the case. On the trial’s final day, however, she gave one small glimpse into her thinking.

Before the government started its rebuttal, Google objected to the DOJ’s framing of a separate lawsuit where it claimed Google used a different market definition, contradicting its position here. Brinkema said that “market definition is core to this case,” and it’s “somewhat of a problem for Google to take one position in one court and somewhat of a different position in another court.” But, she said, she’d look at the “entire mix” of evidence in reaching her decision. When the parties return to court for closing arguments on November 25th, she’ll have one more chance to ask the attorneys what the boundaries of that market should look like.

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